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Fructose Short-Circuits Glycolysis
First some terminology. Fructose ... a five carbon sugar that occurs naturally in fruit,does not cause as much insulin to be secreted as glucose andtastes sweeter than glucose. Glucose ... a six carbon sugar that is the breakdown product ofglycogen(a polymer of glucose, multiple glucose units hookedtogether) that occurs naturally in potatoes and grains. Glycogen ... multiple units of glucose hooked together (a polymer).What is typically called "complex carbohydrate" today. Glycolysis ... derived from the Greek stem glyk- "sweet" andlysis meaning dissolution. The metabolic pathway for the initialutilization of glucose. Phosphofructokinase ... the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction offructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate. You don'tneed to understand anything more about this reaction otherthan the fact that if fructose comes from a source other thanthe degradation of glucose, it blocks this step for glucoseuntil all the non-glucose derived fructose hasbeen metabolized. Glucose and Fructose Are Both Metabolized via Gylcolysis Both fructose and glucose are metabolized via glycolysis.Both end up at some point as three carbon fragments. Inorder for glucose to be broken down into three carbon fragmentsit must first be metabolized to a five carbon sugar, actuallyfructose. This is where the trouble starts, since fructoseis already a five carbon sugar. The following analogy Ihope will aid in explaining this. The analogy, however,is far from perfect. Whether we start out with separate glucose and fructose as inhigh fructose corn syrup or honey, or with fructose and glucosehooked together as in sucrose(common table sugar), makes nodifference. As soon as sucrose hits the bloodstream, it isimmediately broken down (hydrolyzed) to fructose and glucose. Freda Fructose gets married to Gary (Glucose) Sucrose. They livehappily on Sugar Lane. Both work in muscle and liver cellswhere they are metabolized usually into fat and slow theimmune system to a crawl. They get up early in the morningand both have to get on the Glycolysis Road to get to work.Gary (Glucose) is one carbon atom heavier than Freda Fructose and because of that, he cannot cross the river on one of the lighter and faster bridges on their way to work. Freda Fructose however, being lighter, has no problem crossing the faster bridge and making the short-cut to the Glycolysis Road. Gary Glucose, however, has to get on the road well above the short-cut, since he is too heavy to take the lighter bridge short-cut. The Phosphofructokinase Intersection As usual Freda Fructose gets to the Phosphofructokinaseintersection well before Gary Glucose. By the time GaryGlucose gets to the intersection, the traffic directingpoliceman is once again allowing all the Freda Fructosesto make the turn onto Glycolysis Road while, all the GaryGlucoses can do is sit in traffic and wait. Once again,Gary, and all the other Glucoses on their way to work,must sit and wait for all the Freda Fructoses to get onGlycolysis Road before they can continue. LA Traffic Control Traffic control sees all these Glucoses sitting stuck intraffic, just like traffic backs up everyday in LA.It reacts by injecting a lot of green lights (insulin)into the pathway for the Glucoses to get to work. Finally,all the Fructoses pass and now because there are toomany green lights, all the Glucoses pass quickly.All of the sudden there are no Glucoses to be found on theGlycolysis Road. All the cells along the way that usedto be able to snag some Glucose can't because thereisn't any. Whether it is the excessive insulin that isthe cause of so many of the lifestyle diseases we see todayor, all the backed up Gary Glucoses decide to cause theirown damage to the arteries they are in, I don't know.It is however, clearly established that the ingestion ofsucrose (fructose and glucose) is related to many of ourlifestyle diseases today including the extensive damageto the vascular system that occurs with adult onset diabetesmellitus. I know, my damaged arteries are up on this site. Hypoglycemia Now you begin to feel lightheaded, dizzy and a bit disoriented.Traffic control has injected too many green lights and theconcentration of glucose drops precipitously. The brainstarts to complain because it no longer has enough glucoseto function. If the blood sugar gets low enough, seriouscomplications can occur. Fructose and Glucose Together The combination of fructose and glucose should be avoided asmuch as possible. When you eat your fruit, try to allow atleast an hour or preferably two, before eating potatoes,whole grains or rice. Also avoid as much as you can sucrose,high fructose corn syrup, honey and maple syrup or, anysweetener that has as it main ingredients, fructose andglucose. Other Sweeteners Brown Rice Syrup Brown rice syrup is roughly about 45% maltose (two glucose unitshooked together), 50% complex carbohydrates and 3% glucose. Noglucose and fructose together but still sweet and I have knownsome people who can even get hypoglycemic from it. Barley Malt Syrup Made from whole barley it is about 65% Maltose and 30% complexcarbohydrates. Fruit Concentrates These are usually combinations of glucose, fructose andsucrose and should be avoided. Maple Syrup Maple syrup is about 65% sucrose and should be avoided. Today's Health Tip: If you want sweet, you are safest with stevia. Next would besweeteners derived from rice and barley. Sucrose, highfructose corn syrup, maple syrup and fruit juiceconcentrates should be avoided. Reference: Copyright John Mericle M.D. 2005 All Rights Reserved ************** One of our readers Wendy in the UK writes: Just to let you know that according to the website below thattakes you to Carol Bond Health Foods it is spelt Stevita. Icouldn't find it anywhere on the site and through askingthe chat section it was spelt differently. Thought you wouldlike to know so that you can let the other newsletterrecipients know. PS Really enjoy the newsletter. Find it very informing so thankyou. Gave up drinking milk last year after reading your article!Feel much healthier as a result. To take Stevia for a test drive or purchase some onlinefollow the link below. I had luck just searching steviabut you could also search the product "Stevita." DrMericle.com is devoted to achieving optimal health and peak performance through diet and lifestyle change. Dr. Mericle brings together a unique blend of formal training in organic chemistry and biochemistry, medical education, 29 marathons, 3 Hawaii Ironman competitions and a lot of practical real life experience.
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